Due to activity. A person posts, views the feed, likes and comments on other people's posts. Bots do the same but without wasting your time. You only set the selection criteria. nine0005

Bot settings are very important, because the results you get directly depend on them. It is important to select those profiles whose owners will be interested in your content. For example, if you sell women's clothing on Instagram, it would be reasonable to teach the bot to track women's accounts, as well as posts with the hashtags #beauty , #fashion , #clothing . This will increase the likelihood that your profile will be noticed by the target audience.

But how can this be done technically? The Instagram Developer API is limited and not suitable for our purposes. You should turn to browser automation. nine0005

It works very simply:

1. You provide your credentials.
2. Set criteria for selecting profiles and posts, as well as settings for comments.
3. The bot opens the browser, goes to the site, logs in with your data and starts to follow the instructions received.

Let's get down to practice. First, let's write a bot that can log into your Instagram profile on its own. nine0005

For the first version of the bot, we will use Selenium, a tool that works under the hood of InstaPy, which we will move on to later.

First, install Selenium itself. Make sure you have Firefox browser and Firefox WebDriver installed on your computer. We will be working with this browser as the latest version of InstaPy does not have Chrome support.

You may also need to install geckodriver for Selenium to work.

1. Open the browser

Create a file with extension .py and paste the following code there:

 from time import sleep selenium import webdriver browser = webdriver. firefox() browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/') sleep(5) browser.close() 

First we import the required packages. Then the Firefox driver is initialized and the browser is launched. The bot types the address https://www.instagram.com/ in the address bar - the Instagram authorization page opens. After 5 seconds of waiting, the browser closes. Run the code and check how it works. We have just written a kind of "Hello world" in Selenium. nine0005

2. Open the authorization page

Let's add authorization. First, let's make a step-by-step algorithm of actions:

1. Go to page https://www.instagram.com/.
2. Click link Log in .
3. Enter login and password.
4. Press the button Log In ( Log In ).

Note

If https://www. instagram.com/ immediately opens an authorization page and there are no links with the text (Log in), just skip this step. nine0005

We have already completed the first point. Let's now find the authorization link on the page and click on it:

 from time import sleep selenium import webdriver browser = webdriver.firefox() browser.implicitly_wait(5) # set a five second delay # If Selenium can't find the element, it waits for everything to load and tries again browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/') # The following lines tell the bot to find a link with the text Log in and click on it. login_link = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[text()='Log in']") login_link.click() sleep(5) browser.close() nine0055 
 We use XPath to find the right reference, but there are other methods. 
 
 Run the script and make sure it works. The login page should open in the browser. 
 
 3. Filling in the form 
 
 There are three important elements in the authorization form: 
 
 
 Login field; 
 
 Password field; 
 
 
 Button  Login  . 
 
 
 
 Let's find them, enter credentials and log in: 
 instabot.py 
 from time import sleep selenium import webdriver browser = webdriver.firefox() browser.implicitly_wait(5) browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/') login_link = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[text()='Log in']") login_link.click() sleep(2) username_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='username']") password_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='password']") username_input.send_keys("") password_input.send_keys("") login_button = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@type='submit']") login_button. click() sleep(5) browser.close() nine0055 
 Set a two second delay for page loading. Find and fill in the required fields. At the end, look for and press the button to enter. 
 
 If you enter the correct data and run this script, it will automatically log into your Instagram account. 
 
 *** 
 
 We're off to a great start, and if we want to, we can easily continue building the bot. Further actions are very similar to those already done: scroll down the feed, look for interesting posts according to certain criteria, look for a like button and click on it, look for a section with comments, etc. 
 
 The good news is that InstaPy can do all these steps for you. But before we start working with it, let's understand the basics - the  Page Object  pattern. 
 
 We have written a code for authorization - but how can we test it now? It could look something like this: 
 
 def test_login_page(browser): browser. get('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/') username_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='username']") password_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='password']") username_input.send_keys("") password_input.send_keys("") login_button = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@type='submit']") login_button.click() errors = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('#error_message') assert len(errors) == 0 nine0055 
 What is wrong with this code? It does not comply with the DRY principle and the ideas of clean code: the same fragments are duplicated both in the application and in the test. 
 
 In this context, code duplication is particularly bad, since Selenium depends on user interface elements, and they tend to change. If this happens, I would like to make changes only in one place, and not in a dozen. This is where the Page Object pattern comes in. 
 
 With this template you create 9 classes0123 page objects  for the most important pages or page fragments that provide convenient interfaces for interaction. 
 
 We can refactor our code and create class  HomePage  and class  LoginPage  : 
 pages.py 
 from time import sleep class LoginPage: def __init__(self, browser): self.browser = browser def login(self, username, password): username_input = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='username']") password_input = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='password']") username_input.send_keys(username) password_input.send_keys(password) login_button = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@type='submit']") login_button.click() sleep(5) class HomePage: def __init__(self, browser): self. browser = browser self.browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/') def go_to_login_page(self): self.browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[text()='Log in']").click() sleep(2) return LoginPage(self.browser) nine0055 
 The logic has not changed, only now the home page and login page are represented as classes. They encapsulate all the actions required to find and process data in the user interface. 
 
 Note that when you navigate to another page using the page object method, a new page object is returned. Take a look at the return value of the  go_to_log_in_page()  function. 
 
 If we already had a class  FeedPage  , then the  login()  class method  LoginPage  would return an instance of the feed page (  return FeedPage()  ). 
 
 Change the main code: 
 instabot. py 
 from selenium import webdriver from pages import HomePage browser = webdriver.firefox() browser.implicitly_wait(5) homepage = homepage(browser) login_page = home_page.go_to_login_page() login_page.login("", "") browser.close() 
 
 Now the program looks much simpler and clearer. Tests can also be rewritten: 
 
 def test_login_page(browser): homepage = homepage(browser) login_page = home_page.go_to_login_page() login_page.login("", "") errors = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('#error_message') assert len(errors) == 0 
 
 If something changes in the interface, you won't have to change tests - and rightly so. 
 
 To learn more about the Page Object pattern, see the official documentation and Martin Fowler's article. nine0005 
 And we move on to creating a 2. 0 bot - using InstaPy. 
 
 First install InstaPy: 
 
 $ python3 -m pip install instapy 
 
 Virtual environments 
 
 It is good practice to use separate virtual environments for each project. This allows you to isolate dependencies. 
 
 Instagram authorization 
 
 Let's rewrite the code using InstaPy: 
 instabot2.py 
 from instapy import InstaPy InstaPy(username="", password="").login() nine0055 
 Substitute the correct username and password and run the script. Voila! One line of code - and the result is the same! 
 
 Actually not the same. Instapy performs many other actions: it checks the Internet connection, the status of the Instagram servers, etc. You can observe all this directly in the browser, as well as in the logs. 
 
 INFO [2019-12-17 22:03:19] [username] -- Connection Checklist [1/3] (Internet Connection Status) INFO [2019-12-17 22:03:20] [username] - Internet Connection Status: ok INFO[2019-12-17 22:03:20] [username] - Current IP is "17.283.46.379" and it's from "Germany/DE" INFO [2019-12-17 22:03:20] [username] -- Connection Checklist [2/3] (Instagram Server Status) INFO [2019-12-17 22:03:26] [username] - Instagram WebSite Status: Currently Up 
 
 Not bad for one line of code, right? Let's take decisive action! 
 
 Basic bot settings 
 
 Suppose your profile is dedicated to cars. You want the bot to interact with the profiles of people interested in cars. nine0005 
 Likes 
 
 For example, a bot can like posts with hashtags  #bmw  or  #mercedes  . This is the purpose of the  like_by_tags() method  : 
 instabot2. py 
 from instapy import InstaPy session = InstaPy(username="", password="") session.login() session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5) # [1] 
 
 We pass an array of tags to like and the number of posts for each tag to the method. In other words, the bot must give 10 likes - five for each of the two tags. nine0005 
 But look what happens in the logs after running the script: 
 
 INFO [2019-12-17 22:15:58] [username] Tag [1/2] INFO [2019-12-17 22:15:58] [username] --> b'bmw' INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:07] [username] desired amount: 14 | top posts [disabled]: 9 | possible posts: 43726739 INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:13] [username] Like# [1/14] INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:13] [username] https://www.instagram.com/p/B6MCcGcC3tU/ INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:15] [username] Image from: b'mattyproduction' INFO[2019-12-17 22:16:15] [username] Link: b'https://www. instagram.com/p/B6MCcGcC3tU/' INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:15] [username] Description: b'Mal etwas anderes \xf0\x9f\x91\x80\xe2\x98\xba\xef\xb8\x8f Bald ist das komplette Video auf YouTube zu finden (n\xc3\xa4here Infos werden folgen). Vielen Dank an @patrick_jwki @thehuthlife und @christic_ f\xc3\xbcr das bereitstellen der Autos \xf0\x9f\x94\xa5\xf0\x9f\x98\x8d#carporn#cars#tuning#bagged#bmw#m2#m2competition# focusrs#ford#mk3#e92#m3#panasonic#cinematic#gh5s#dji#roninm#adobe#videography#music#bimmer#fordperformance#night#shooting#' INFO[2019-12-17 22:16:15] [username] Location: b'K\xc3\xb6ln, Germany' INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:51] [username] --> Image Liked! INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:56] [username] --> Not commented INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:57] [username] --> Not following INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:58] [username] Like# [2/14] INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:58] [username] https://www.instagram.com/p/B6MDK1wJ-Kb/ INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:01] [username] Image from: b'davs0' INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:01] [username] Link: b'https://www. instagram.com/p/B6MDK1wJ-Kb/' INFO[2019-12-17 22:17:01] [username] Description: b'Someone said cloud? \xf0\x9f\xa4\x94\xf0\x9f\xa4\xad\xf0\x9f\x98\x88 \xe2\x80\xa2\n\xe2\x80\xa2\n\xe2\x80\xa2\n\xe2 \x80\xa2\n#bmw #bmwrepost #bmwm4 #bmwm4gts #f82 #bmwmrepost #bmwmsport #bmwmperformance #bmwmpower #bmwm4cs #austinyellow #davs0 #mpower_official #bmw_world_ua #bimmerworld #bmwfans #bmwfamily #bimmers #bmwmwpost8 #bmwfans #bmwfamily #bimmers #bmwmwpost8 #bmwmpower #bmwm4cs #bmwmwpost8 #ultimated #m5f90 #m4f82 #bmwmafia #bmwcrew #bmwlifestyle' INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:34] [username] --> Image Liked! INFO[2019-12-17 22:17:37] [username] --> Not commented INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:38] [username] --> Not following 
 
 By default, InstaPy will like the first nine posts in the feed, in addition to the  amount  parameter. In this case, the total number of likes is 14 per tag (9 + 5). 
 
 InstaPy logs every action: it mentions which post they liked, a link to it, description, location, whether they commented and followed the account. 
 
 You may have noticed that there are delays after almost every action. This is done on purpose so that Instagram does not ban your profile. 
 
 You can also specify post options that the bot should NOT like using the  set_dont_like() method  : 
 instabot2.py 
 from instapy import InstaPy session = InstaPy(username="", password="") session.login() session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5) session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"]) nine0055 
 The bot will now ignore posts that contain the words "naked" or "nsfw" (not safe/suitable for work) in their description. 
 
 Subscriptions 
 
 In addition to likes, the bot can subscribe to accounts. This is the function  set_do_follow()  : 
 instabot2.py 
 from instapy import InstaPy session = InstaPy(username="", password="") session. login() session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5) session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"]) session.set_do_follow(True, percentage=50) nine0055 
 If you run this script, the bot will subscribe to 50% of those users whose posts he likes. Again, every action will be logged. 
 
 Comments 
 
 Another InstaPy option is the ability to leave comments. To do this, you need to do two things. First enable commenting by calling  set_do_comment()  : 
 instabot2.py 
 from instapy import InstaPy session = InstaPy(username="", password="") session.login() session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5) session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"]) session.set_do_follow(True, percentage=50) session.set_do_comment(True, percentage=50) nine0055 
 Then specify what to write with  set_comments()  : 
 instabot2. py 
 from instapy import InstaPy session = InstaPy(username="", password="") session.login() session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5) session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"]) session.set_do_follow(True, percentage=50) session.set_do_comment(True, percentage=50) session.set_comments(["Nice!", "Sweet!", "Beautiful :heart_eyes:"]) 
 nine0260 Run the script and the bot will leave one of the three specified comments under half of the posts it has interacted with. 
 
 Closing the session 
 
 After you have done everything you want, you need to close the session by calling the  end() method  : 
 instabot2.py 
 from instapy import InstaPy session = InstaPy(username="", password="") session.login() session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5) session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"]) session.set_do_follow(True, percentage=50) session. set_do_comment(True, percentage=50) session.set_comments(["Nice!", "Sweet!", "Beautiful :heart_eyes:"]) session.end() nine0055 
 This command will close the browser, save the logs and prepare a report that you can see in the console. 
 
 Additional features of InstaPy 
 
 InstaPy is a large project that has many well-documented features. Let's take a look at some of the more useful ones. 
 
 Quotas 
 
 You can't scrape Instagram all day, the service will quickly notice it. Therefore, it is useful to set quotas for bot actions. 
 
 session.set_quota_supervisor(enabled=True, peak_comments_daily=240, peak_comments_hourly=21) nine0055 
 This code limits commenting limits per hour and per day. When the bot reaches them, it will stop commenting and wait for the quota period to expire. 
 
 The headless_browser argument 
 
 The argument specified in the name allows you to run the bot without a browser GUI. It is useful if you want to deploy a bot on a server where there is no or no need for an interface. Performance in this mode is higher, as there is less load on the processor. 
 
 session = InstaPy(username='test', password='test', headless_browser=True) nine0055 
 Note that the corresponding flag is set when the InstaPy object is initialized. 
 
 Artificial intelligence for message analysis 
 
 We have already learned to ignore messages that contain inappropriate words. But what if the description is normal, but the picture itself is inappropriate? 
 
 InstaPy bot can be integrated with ClarifApi, an image and video recognition tool: 
 
 session. set_use_clarifai(enabled=True, api_key='') session.clarifai_check_img_for(['nsfw']) nine0055 
 The bot will now ignore any image that ClarifApi considers NSFW. 5000 hits per month - free. 
 
 Number of followers 
 
 It often doesn't make sense to interact with accounts with a large number of followers. InstaPy gives you the option to set a bound on this amount so that the bot doesn't waste your machine's computing resources: 
 
 session.set_relationship_bounds(enabled=True, max_followers=8500) 
 nine0308 Now the bot will not interact with the posts of users who have more than 8.5 thousand subscribers. 
 
 Many other options and configurations can be found in the InstaPy documentation. 
 
 *** 
 
 InstaPy is a flexible tool that allows you to easily and quickly automate user actions on Instagram. Its work is based on browser automation (Selenium) and the use of the Page Object pattern to facilitate working with web pages. 
 
 If you haven't started coding yet, read our post on how to create a virtual environment in Python. This will avoid problems with package dependencies. We also wrote about how real-time object recognition works - later on, the bot can be improved if you use your own model to analyze user photos. nine0005 
 You can get more useful information on our telegram channel "Pythonist's Library". We also recommend that you pay attention to the Python tutorial from the Programmer's Library. 
 
 Interesting, see the program of the course 
 
 from A to Z — instaved.ru 
 
 Promotion 
 
  
 
 Table of contents: 
 
 
 1 What is a script? 
 
 2 How are scripts used? nine0034 
 3 Pros and cons of getting likes with scripts 
 
 4 Alternative methods of promotion 
 
 5 Conclusion 
 
 
 Many bloggers and entrepreneurs use Instagram as an advertising platform to attract the target audience. Recently, the administration of the social network has upgraded the algorithm of the news feed. Now new posts in it will be visible to a large number of users if they correspond to the interests of users. This makes many think about changing the approach to promoting their product. It's not enough to just post now. The main thing is to increase the demand for it. Instagram, of course, promises to return an updated chronological feed, but we still have to wait, but for now we are reading how to make a post popular. nine0005 
 One of the simplest solutions is to get likes. To do this, use scripts or services for promotion. 
 
 What is a script? 
 
 Scripts are pre-thought-out algorithms of actions (scenarios) that are aimed at solving a specific problem. Such codes are compiled using a programming language - scripting. Through the script, you can configure the automatic execution of a number of simple actions, which saves time and minimizes the likelihood of errors. Such programs are used in many fields of activity, but we will talk about their use for getting likes on Instagram. nine0005 
 
 
 How are scripts used? 
 
 Instagram does not stand still, developers are constantly updating protection algorithms and scam calculation for user safety. More recently, getting likes through a script based on the top was in great demand. The user was only required to send an id to the server where the top posts were stored, and likes began to arrive every second. However, now this method of promotion has become unavailable due to changes in the protection of the social network of some algorithms. But do not be upset! As soon as one script stops working, almost immediately the craftsmen create another, which appears in the public domain. nine0005 
 Probably everyone has heard about services where users can earn points by performing simple steps: 
 
 
 become a follower on Instagram, VK, OK, FB; 
 
 watch videos on YouTube; 
 
 Like and more. 
 
 
 The resulting likes or points can be spent on similar purposes. The algorithm of these actions is simple, and also available for mass understanding, but it requires free time. There is a popular script for getting likes on Instagram with the logical name “nakrutka_insta”. When launched, a black window with commands opens. You just need to paste the link with the promoted post, and in a few minutes the likes will start coming automatically. The basic version of this script is free, and the creator sells more advanced ones for money. nine0005 
 
 
 Pros and cons of cheating likes with scripts 
 
 Among the advantages of such a promotion are: 
 
 
 saving time; 
 
 high efficiency; 
 
 availability, ease of use. 
 
 
 Cons: 
 
 
 possible ban from the administration; 
 
 cheated subscribers are often not interested in the promoted product. 
 
 
 
   Important!  To avoid blocking, limit the number of likes you get! nine0399 
 
 
 Alternative methods of promotion 
 
 Many popular scripts quickly break down due to mass use, so consider Instagram scrapers as alternative methods of promotion. 
 
 Explain what it is for a very long time. The main thing is that they work! The principle of operation is as follows: 
 
 
 the user needs to specify an account with a large number of subscribers; 
 
 the program creates a database; 
 
 opens user accounts; nine0034 
 signs "live" people and puts likes on their behalf automatically! 
 
 
 There are many such services now. There are paid and free versions. Among the most high-quality and effective are: 
 
 
 Pamagram winds up likes and subscribers during a given period. It is convenient that by suspending the promotion, the time is frozen and promotion can be continued at a convenient time for you. 
 
 Instaplus combines mass following / liking and allows you to create a target audience database using filters. nine0034 
 Tooligram collects a database of potential subscribers on its own, based on hashtags and geolocation of the target audience. 
 
 
 In this way, you can both wind up subscribers and get hold of likes. 
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